Canaan


(1.) The fourth son of Ham (Gen. 10:6). His descendants were under a curse in consequence of the transgression of his father "(9:22-27). His eldest son, Zidon, was the father of the" "Sidonians and Phoenicians. He had eleven sons, who were the" founders of as many tribes (10:15-18). "(2.) The country which derived its name from the preceding. The name as first used by the Phoenicians denoted only the maritime plain on which Sidon was built. But in the time of Moses and Joshua it denoted the whole country to the west of the Jordan "and the Dead Sea (Deut. 11:30). In Josh. 5:12 the LXX. read," "land of the Phoenicians, instead of "land of Canaan." "The name signifies "the lowlands," as distinguished from the "land of Gilead on the east of Jordan, which was a mountainous" district. The extent and boundaries of Canaan are fully set forth in different parts of Scripture (Gen. 10:19; 17:8; Num. "13:29; 34:8). (See [92]CANAANITES, [93]PALESTINE.)"

"Mentioned in Isa. 19:18, denotes the language spoken by the Jews" resident in Palestine. The language of the Canaanites and of the Hebrews was substantially the same. This is seen from the "fragments of the Phoenician language which still survive, which" show the closest analogy to the Hebrew. Yet the subject of the "language of the "Canaanites" is very obscure. The cuneiform" "writing of Babylon, as well as the Babylonian language, was" "taught in the Canaanitish schools, and the clay tablets of" Babylonian literature were stored in the Canaanitish libraries. Even the Babylonian divinities were borrowed by the Canaanites.

A name given to the apostle Simon (Matt. 10:4; Mark 3:18). The "word here does not, however, mean a descendant of Canaan, but is" "a translation, or rather almost a transliteration, of the Syriac" "word Kanenyeh (R.V. rendered "Cananaen"), which designates the" Jewish sect of the Zealots. Hence he is called elsewhere (Luke "6:15) "Simon Zelotes;" i.e., Simon of the sect of the Zealots." (See [94]SIMON.)

"The descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham. Migrating from their" "original home, they seem to have reached the Persian Gulf, and" "to have there sojourned for some time. They thence "spread to" "the west, across the mountain chain of Lebanon to the very edge" "of the Mediterranean Sea, occupying all the land which later" "became Palestine, also to the north-west as far as the mountain" "chain of Taurus. This group was very numerous, and broken up" "into a great many peoples, as we can judge from the list of" "nations (Gen. 10), the `sons of Canaan.'" Six different tribes" "are mentioned in Ex. 3:8, 17; 23:23; 33:2; 34:11. In Ex. 13:5" "the "Perizzites" are omitted. The "Girgashites" are mentioned in" addition to the foregoing in Deut. 7:1; Josh. 3:10. "The "Canaanites," as distinguished from the Amalekites, the "Anakim, and the Rephaim, were "dwellers in the lowlands" (Num." "13:29), the great plains and valleys, the richest and most" "important parts of Palestine. Tyre and Sidon, their famous" "cities, were the centres of great commercial activity; and hence" "the name "Canaanite" came to signify a "trader" or "merchant" "(Job 41:6; Prov. 31:24, lit. "Canaanites;" comp. Zeph. 1:11;" "Ezek. 17:4). The name "Canaanite" is also sometimes used to" designate the non-Israelite inhabitants of the land in general (Gen. 12:6; Num. 21:3; Judg. 1:10). "The Israelites, when they were led to the Promised Land, were commanded utterly to destroy the descendants of Canaan then "possessing it (Ex. 23:23; Num. 33:52, 53; Deut. 20:16, 17). This" "was to be done "by little and little," lest the beasts of the" "field should increase (Ex. 23:29; Deut. 7:22, 23). The history" of these wars of conquest is given in the Book of Joshua. The "extermination of these tribes, however, was never fully carried" "out. Jerusalem was not taken till the time of David (2 Sam. 5:6," 7). In the days of Solomon bond-service was exacted from the fragments of the tribes still remaining in the land (1 Kings "9:20, 21). Even after the return from captivity survivors of" five of the Canaanitish tribes were still found in the land. "In the Tell-el-Amarna tablets Canaan is found under the forms of Kinakhna and Kinakhkhi. Under the name of Kanana the Canaanites "appear on Egyptian monuments, wearing a coat of mail and helmet," and distinguished by the use of spear and javelin and the battle-axe. They were called Phoenicians by the Greeks and Poeni by the Romans. By race the Canaanites were Semitic. They were "famous as merchants and seamen, as well as for their artistic" "skill. The chief object of their worship was the sun-god, who" "was addressed by the general name of Baal, "lord." Each locality" "had its special Baal, and the various local Baals were summed up" "under the name of Baalim, "lords."


See where Canaan occurs in the Bible...





Definition of Canaan:
"merchant; trader; or that humbles and subdues"

Related Bible Dictionary Terms:
Canaan the language of